Orca (Killer Whale) Guide: The Oceans Apex Predator

The Apex Predator: Orcinus Orca

The Orca (Orcinus orca), commonly known as the Killer Whale, is the largest member of the dolphin family and one of the most intelligent social creatures on the planet. Recognizable by their striking black-and-white patterns and tall, triangular dorsal fins, Orcas are the masters of the ocean’s food chain.

More Than Just One Species?

While currently classified as a single species, scientists now recognize different ecotypes of Orcas, which differ in diet, behavior, and genetics:

• Residents: Feed primarily on fish (like Salmon) and live in stable family pods.
• Transients (Bigg’s): Hunt marine mammals like seals, sea lions, and even other whales.
• Offshore: Found in the deep ocean, feeding mostly on sharks and large fish.

Key Identification Features

• The Eye Patch: A white oval behind the eye (it is not actually the eye).
• The Saddle Patch: A grey or white area just behind the dorsal fin.
• Dorsal Fin: In males, it can reach up to 6 feet in height, while females have shorter, more curved fins.
• Teeth: Unlike baleen whales, Orcas have powerful, conical teeth used for grasping prey.

Best Places for Orca Sightings

• Pacific Northwest (Washington/BC): The primary home of the Southern Resident and Bigg’s Orcas.
• Norway (Tromsø): Experience the winter herring run.
• Monterey Bay, CA: Famous for spotting Transients hunting Gray whale calves in the spring.
• Antarctica: Home to at least four different ecotypes of Orcas.
• Valdes Peninsula, Argentina: Witness the famous “intentional stranding” hunting technique.

Intelligence and Culture

Orcas have complex social structures and even exhibit “culture”—they learn specific hunting techniques and vocalizations that are passed down from mother to calf. Some pods use “bubble-net” techniques, while others have learned to flip sharks onto their backs to induce “tonic immobility.”

Fluke Tip: An Orca’s fluke is broad and rounded at the edges with a deep central notch. They are incredibly powerful, capable of propelling the whale at speeds of up to 35 knots!

Orcas are a reminder of the power and complexity of marine social life.